The Terror Was Appropriate For The French Revolution To Succeed. Essay

The Terror Was Appropriate For The French Revolution To Succeed. The Use of Terror was Necessary for The French Revolution To Succeed The involvement of the Reign of Terror was compulsory for the French Revolution to Prevail. Sure this period in History was responsible for the extermination of more than 20,000 people but it would weed out the enemies of the republic regardless of past loyalties and affections. Cruel, harsh and inhumane, it would be administered at the request and for the benefit of the nation. (Moulder, p110) Originally known as the Region of Terror it was a period running from September 1793 to August 1794, executed by the 12 members of the Committee of Public Safety and overseen by Maximilien Robespierre. What brought about the Terror? After the royal family was captured in Varennes, Moderate Revolutionaries still wanted to preserve the constitutional monarchy, while the radicals distrusted the King and wanted a republic. Many peoples' lives changed during this time, peoples' ideas also changed. Food costs kept rising, to pay for the war. The government was printing huge amounts of paper money called assignats. But the more bank notes it printed, the less they were worth: The Currency was suffering from inflation (Brooman, p43) By 1793 a bank note was worth only half the amount printed on it. Bread were getting expensive, because farmers did not want to sell their grain in exchange for the now invaluable money. And so hungry Sans Culottes raided food stores to gather and consume food they could not purchase. Food shortages now occurred. When Louis XVI and his wife fled to the Legislative assembly, they were imprisoned. they called for a National Convention to write a newer constitution. The National Convention met in September. The National Convention tried and convicted Louis XVI for treason. He was sentenced to death. News of his death spread all through out Europe. Monarchs of European Nations feared that the revolution would spread and would happen to them. By 1793, the French Armies occupied the Austrian Netherlands and were about to invade Prussia. But, in 1793, Great Britain, the Dutch Netherlands, and Spain went along with Prussia and Austria in a war against France. With these five powerful nations fighting against France, the French were outnumbered and outmatched. This war caused many deaths at home due to Starvation. People thought that revolution had gone too far and should be put to an End. Who made the Committee of Public Safety, Why, What and Who are they, What did they want? In the effort to restore temporary peace in the society, the National Convention made a constitution that created a Committee of Public Safety. The 12 members of the Committee were changed every month, it had broad powers which included the organisation of the nation's defenses, all foreign policy, and the supervision of ministers. The Committee also ordered arrests and trials for Counter Revolutionaries and imposed government authority across the Nation. The Committee steadily accumulated power and control of government. Only twelve men controlled the Committee of Public Safety, Some members included St. Andre, St. Just, Lindet, Collot d'Herbois, Barere, but it was ultimately led by Maximilien Robespierre. Prieur de le Cote' Or, One of it's members, described how the committee worked: From 7 o'clock they took themselves to their offices to read despatches. At 10 o'clock the members present took up the business on hand and discussed it and decisions were reached. At 1 o'clock few members will leave to attend the main sessions of the convention, others continued with their business. At 5 or 6 PM they left to dine and 8:00 the meeting was resumed. (Primary Sources you issued us in Class, The number on header was 16 - The Revolutionary Government. A series part of The French Revolution collection.) History Reports

buy custom Critical Thinking essay

buy custom Critical Thinking essay Critical thinking is a well-organized process of systematic thinking which ensures the effective evaluation and decision-making capacity of the person in any type of situations. It is the ability which separates trailblazers from imitators. In order to establish a society full of sensible, wise, and practical individuals, it is necessary for students and citizens to be skilled critical thinkers. Today, the advanced technology and fast internet have provided access to vast amounts of information. Though technology has constantly been criticized for the declining critical thinking ability in todays generation, it is completely irrational and absurd to solely blame the progress for it. Depending on the approach, intention, and way of accessing technology, the outcome varies. In other words, the application of technology is the effective way of enhancing critical thinking ability if the user employs it sensibly. The main objective of thinking is to find a way out of any critical situation a person is in and opt for the best available solution. There are multiple choices available, and people need the best knowledge to choose the best choices. Generally, young people are easily vulnerable to the false advertisements, immorality, and fraud due to lack of experience and immature nature. Crucial decisions in life such as career choices, marriage, crucial family decisions, and financial investments can cause devastating consequences in case the person did not bother to think critically about it. As stated by Plato, knowledge is the only justified true belief, while ignorance is the root cause of all evil (Pigliucci). It is necessary to have knowledge to identify the difference between good and bad, legal and illegal, moral and immoral things. A peaceful society is only developed when people in that society are capable of thinking critically and taking sensible decisions (Pigliucci). Considering t he importance of the critical thinking in modern life, it is necessary to teach children from their early school days to use this skill. Adopting the critical thinking promoting teaching methods in schools will certainly help to craft the responsible future citizens. According to researchers, most of the students in the developed countries have low critical thinking skills (Yanklowitz). They are terribly poor in simple logical reasoning, critical judgments, and writing and reading skills. The majority of the researchers and experts criticize the advanced technology and internet for the weak critical thinking skills among the students (Yanklowitz). However, there are other aspects of the issue as well, which are often neglected. First of all, technology is not the only to blame for. Significantly, when there is lower educational performance among students, parents and teachers blame technology for it; when there are lower physical and social activities among young generation, people blame technology for it; when there is lack of interest in reading or writing, people again blame technology for it, and when there is growing violent or criminal behavior in the society, people are ready to blame technology for it. There are many people who are ready to sue technology for everything that goes wrong. It is necessary for one to understand that technology does not create anything by itself. It is the way people use technologies or the intentions with which they are utilized that generate particular kind of outcomes. After all, one receives what one desires. If todays education system is full of conventional, boring, tedious, and process-driven learning methods with or without technology, one should not be surprised that students do not like it. According to the studies of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA), though there are clear proofs of effectiveness of technology in learning process, the majority of teachers do not know how to make the best use of the available technology (Information Daily Staff Writer). In UK, the education department spends millions of pounds each year on technologies, such as whiteboards, tablets, projectors, voting pods, and educational games for schools. Nevertheless, it h as been found that such technologies are not being used effectively due to lack of proper trainings and right approach towards it (Information Daily Staff Writer). Technology alone cannot do everything by itself. The outcome of implemented technology entirely depends on how it has used. With the combination of technology, it is necessary to adopt innovating learning methods which should be as interesting as browsing the internet. If used properly, technology can be beneficial in the growth of critical thinking. It is necessary to use the available technologies thoughtfully and carefully to achieve the desired result as it has various faces. In todays education and professional fields, the application of technology has merely remained result-oriented process rather than supporting tool for analytical and critical thinking, decision-making, and data collection for the required task. Technology can be used to process complex ideas easily and quickly. People can test different variables and examine the result instantly. It can allow them to make better decisions and improve their critical thinking skills. In education system, integration of science and technology can nourish deep level of analytical approach and decision making among students as it will help them to collect vast information, examine its outcome, and choose the optimum solution. The recent report on the future of the internet and its effect, which is based on the interview of 900 experts, claimed that internet can improve peoples writing, reading, and overall grasping skills (Whitney). The survey based on the opinions of scientists, technology developers, and business leaders further revealed that internet and advanced technologies are making people smarter and regular usage of them improves human intelligence and critical thinking skills. According to the experts, in future, people will be surrounded by various effective 3D technologies which will assist in decoding complex tasks. Hence, people will lose the skills which will be needed for it but will acquire the improved skills to choose optimum solutions and better choices (Whitney). Though the survey confirmed the lowered spelling and grammatical skills, it assures that the overall gains with the application of advanced technology and internet will easily outweigh the minor losses (Whitney). 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9 Hilarious Office Pranks to Pull On Your Coworkers

9 Hilarious Office Pranks to Pull On Your Coworkers Brace yourself:  Blood will be spilled, tears will be shed, and friendships will be broken after you pull these 9 hilarious office pranks on your co-workers. You will get fired. You have been warned.1. Tamper with the Foosball tablevia [giphy.com]Sneak into your office at night while no one is there and super glue the parts  of one side so theyre no longer useable. Sit back and watch your co-workers faces light up with pure rage as you score one goal after another. For further enjoyment, score a goal every time they tell you to stop. Whats that? Stop? Boom! Gooooooal. As a side note, if your place of employment doesnt have a Foosball table, why are you even still working there?2. Impersonate one of your coworkersvia [giphy.com]Make sure to get a similar haircut, and practice your mannerisms. When you come in for work in the morning, sit next to them and proceed to mock them. Depending on their sense of humor, theyll either have a good laugh or grow increasingly frustrated. Hopefu lly its the latter. That way, you can absorb their hatred and anger to sustain your youth.3.   Distort realityvia [giphy.com]When your co-worker comes in, give a confused look  and ask why he or she is there. When they ask you what youre talking about, point to their replacement (who also happens to be a dog dressed in a suit) and mention that they were fired two weeks ago. This prank requires more than just one person on board, but if done correctly, sit back and watch as your co-worker contemplates whether or not theyve just stepped into an episode of the Twilight Zone.4. Act like an assholevia [giphy.com]Okay, Ill admit, this one isnt very creative- but lets be honest, there isnt anything more infuriating to someone than a troll. Pretending to be an asshole is probably the fastest way to get yourself fired, but hey, if youve got nothing to lose, run up behind your co-worker and slap their cup of coffee right out of their hand. If youre feeling especially brave, feel free to g ive them a wedgie or   noogie, or hell- you can do both at the same time.  Come here, nerd!5. Pretend youre possessedvia [giphy.com]Crawl into the office on your back, while chanting the Spongebob Squarepants theme song in a  dark and ominous tone. Bonus points if you can rotate your head 360 degrees.6. Come in dressed as  a zombievia [giphy.com]Possession not your thing? Perhaps youve already scared the shit out of everyone using prank number 5? If so, then its time to dust off your old Halloween costume and have some fun. Hide inside of the fridge or closet and wait for someone to open the door. All those makeup tutorials youve watched on YouTube are finally paying off!7. Fake your death, then resurrect yourselfvia [giphy.com]Have one of your friends call  the office to  let everyone know the bad news- you were hit by an ice cream truck and now are dead. Invite everyone to your funeral; although, after all the pranks youve pulled, its likely no one will show up. The da y of your funeral arrives and everyone is sad and reminiscing about all the good times theyve spent with you, allegedly. As everyone is paying their respects, pop out of your coffin wearing a terrifying mask and lunge at everyone, foaming at the mouth.8. Post pictures of your face everywherevia [giphy.com]Photoshop your face onto the body of a Greek god and print out thousands of copies. Toss them around the office and hang them all over the walls, fridge, and co-workers computers. As an added bonus, send mass emails to everyone in the office of your face photoshopped onto their personal photos.9. Broadcast your mixtapevia [giphy.com]Youve been slaving away in the streets trying to drop the hottest mixtape of 2015 and now its time to share it with the office. Sneak your way into the control room and broadcast it over the intercom to the entire office. Watch as everyone evacuates the office  out of sheer terror.Well there you have it, folks! Be sure to pull these 9 pranks around th e office and you will be on the fast track to becoming the funniest unemployed prankster of all time!

PHIL-COIS- Cyberethics Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PHIL-COIS- Cyberethics Eassy - Essay Example Cyber bullying is increasing and resulting dangerous outcomes, which is becoming a serious threat in the community. Cyber bullying needs serious concerns for both online community and regulation to overcome this cyber crime. Possible solution of prevention from cyber bullying will be also discussed. The safer legal and disciplined use of the internet is the basic understanding of Cyber-Ethics (Cyberethics, 2011). Ethics have some standard rules and principles that are followed by humans. Same standards are followed in cyber activities. The way in which one can behave on the internet comes under cyber ethics. It involves the legal concerns as well, like following the law during internet usage. In digital media, the moral norms and duties should be followed and this comes under the definition of cyber ethics. The ethics that are needful for the internet environment comes under the definition of cyber-ethics. Another name of cyber ethics is computer ethics or internet ethic and all that comes under the spectrum of cyber-ethics. The alone computer user have own personal ethics while interacting with a system, when a same user becomes the internet user more principles involved under ethics and as a whole the user should follow the ethical norms (Tavani, 2006). The reason why one should concern about cyber ethics is to use the internet in a safe manner. The cyber-ethics are equally important as other areas (Pelgrin, 2011). Facebook and MySpace as social networking websites are so popular that these sites are difficult to control. Serious problem of cyber bullying has aroused. Girls commit suicide when their parents had taunted them on identifying their children’s identity. Description of cyber-ethics is explained in many categories regarding cyber-ethics. Some ethical values are common throughout the universe and same actions are applied in everywhere in the world, for example theft, murder, and assault. Same legal and

Offences against Person and Property Case Study

Offences against Person and Property - Case Study Example Now, a psychiatrist can always say that "the defendant had a predisposition to a disassociative state when under stress and that he was in such a state when he killed his son in law."1Notwithstanding the fact that he began by stabbing the person in a fit of anger, and then continued doing it after his son in law had fallen down. These were not "blows struck in anger," but sheer premeditated actions of giving in to the joy of primeval bloodlust. And that is how one could agree with the statement that the law about murder is a mess. It was therefore necessary to reframe it in such a manner with the minimum of loopholes to make sure any future example of impulsive or premeditated homicide does not know that it can get away with murder by invoking the plea of "it was provocation, my lord, " First of all, we have to see the difference between murder- planning out and killing a person with malice aforethought, and manslaughter, killing of a person in "hot blood," keeping into view, "the limits of human frailty," Murder meant that you looked at the methods of getting rid of one particularly obnoxious person and waited for the time and the opportunity to send him to his forefathers. Manslaughter meant that you had no intention of dispatching that particular human specimen, but he provoked you continuously, incessantly, intolerably, unremittingly, verbatim and seriatim, until it was beyond the normal tolerance level of you, who happen to be a sane, sober and somewhat sombre pillar of society. So you killed him but you were not in your right senses at that moment. One pleads not guilty my lord. This pleading of manslaughter instead of murder began to be clearly demarcated in the 17th and 18th century, when people resorted to the use of weapons to assert their rights, which they thought had been infringed upon by some upstart who did not know better. There were also plenty of opportunities to get rid of your opponents, by challenging them to duels and then dispatch them in a very honourable and conventionally accepted way. Any sort of matter of honour or any insult, where real or insinuated could be wiped out by pistols or swords at dawn. This wholesale killing of innocent lambs to the slaughter went on until dueling was outlawed, and it was made a hanging offense. Murder was also a hanging offense. There had to be a clear distinction between premeditated and well calculated murder and manslaughter under provocation. And that could make all the difference between life and death. Defects in the law of provocation. So, in the 17th century, the doctrine of provocation meant that the circumstances of killing someone happened to be extenuating. It touched upon a matter of honour, (possibly adultery, which no red-blooded man could condone unless he wanted to be jeered at by his peers.) There needed to be some mitigation of reckoned punishment, because the killing was done in a moment of anger. They were considered less reprehensible, and could only come under the name of manslaughter and not murder. Yet, killing a person in cold blood on a dueling field, hours after the challenge had taken place , and the blood had had time to cool down, and better thought and sense prevail, can only be termed "murder." But the social code of honour of that time demanded that one retrieve his

Effective partnership working Essay Example for Free

Effective partnership working Essay A partnership is an arrangement between two or more groups, organizations or individuals to work together to achieve common aims. Effective partnership working must have some sort of personal stake in the partnership. All partners should work towards the same goal. The partners should have similar system of beliefs and work together over a reasonable period of time. Partners should understand the value of what each of them can contribute to the set aim. Both should respect and trust each other. Partnership working also shares creativity, and responsibility. Working together can highlight different issues, problem and solutions and there is more potential for productivity or effectiveness. All partners must always tell each other what is planned and consult everything together before making any decisions. They must act together as everyone working towards the same outcome. 1.2 Working in partnership with colleagues it’s very important .We all need to work in the same way and be consistent. People I work with on daily basis are the best source of advice and information needed when some issues may arise. By working together I am able to see all recorded information and being able to use them when needed .Communication within the home is a key to effective support .By working together everyone can be supported and all ideas can be taken into consideration on meetings and solving issues become easiest. Working with other professionals like Learning Disability team or Intensive support team also gives me a different point of view on situation and this way I receive support from qualified and understanding people. I can share information and seek advice .This way I get an excellent feedback and much needed support .Some individuals have a complex needs which are very difficult to cope and seeking support from others is very important .Organization receive different training and do specialize in giving help .Therefore maintaining good relationship with them is important to provide the quality support for Service Users. Working in partnership with advocates is needed when Individuals have a lack of capacity and have no one who can act on their behalf . Working together with independent advocates shows that setting follows the guidelines and regulations .Independent person can see the different point of the situations discussed and help to decide what is  the best for the person concerned .As a support staff will share all relevant information with them and act on the best interest of the individual. Working with families, Service users, friend of individuals give me a never ending source of information’s so I’m able to provide the care they want .By working together we gain information and that can help make Individuals live easier in the care setting. This way parents feel valued and respected. Parents and family feel comfortable when visiting the setting talking to and planning with workers .Every opinion must be valued and treated seriously as we all want the best for the Service Users .Talking and working together with individuals gives us a chance to get to know they likes and dislikes and be able to make them happy. 1.3 Partnership is about relationship between people and the aim of it is to achieve what couldn’t be achieved alone. By working together we build a relationship. We improve outcomes and achieve more equal life for the individuals and better future for them. Because everyone works together Service User can feel safe and have choice of where and how they want to live. As staff I need to listen to them and give them choice and information’s must be available in the right format .Individuals feel valued and respected. They know that there is a lot of different people who are happy to help and give advice .It also makes staff feel more valued as they have they say and their opinion is more valued what means that they are more happy to stay in the work place like that.

Beauty Behind The Brushstrokes Essay -- China Culture Art Papers

Beauty Behind The Brushstrokes Chinese calligraphy, the ancient Chinese art of writing, has been around for as long as the history of China. Through thousand of years of evolution, many styles and forms have been developed and established, namely the zhuan, li, kai, xing and cao styles (shu). Different styles express different personalities and are used for different purposes and at different times. But the underlying beauty of Chinese calligraphy, regardless of its style, lies in its expression of thoughts and feelings of the calligrapher and ultimately, the spontaneous response from the viewer's mind. However, these styles, with different degrees of variation in forms, possess varied levels of expressiveness. The different level of expressiveness lies in the varaition of forms and the degree of variation. Zhuan shu and li shu are mainly for official writings and zhuan shu is the precedent of li shu. Li shu follows a certain strict prescription with minimal variations in the writings, and hence it is not very capable of expressing the thoughts and feelings of the calligrapher. However it is not until the materialization of li shu that this ancient form of writing can be considered as an art form with the capability of expressing ones feelings and thoughts, due to its flexibility and indefinite forms. Kai shu evolves from these two precedents and is the most commonly used style today due to its regular forms and legibility. However due to its slightly stricter prescription, it allows fewer variations and hence is less capable of exuding the calligraphers emotions and personalities. But with an injection of "motion" or flow in kai shu, the words become more fluid and indefinite. Such style i s named xing shu, which is more ... ...of thoughts and feelings, which are all merely preludes, lies the climax of the symphony of Chinese brushstrokes- the silent dialogue between human minds and their surroundings. Works Cited S.H Khoo and Nancy L. Penrose. Behind the Brushstrokes: Tales from Chines Calligraphy. Singapore: Graham Brash Pte Ltd, 1993. Jean Francoise Billeter. The Chinese Art of Writing. New York: Rizzoli International Publication, Inc, 1990. A.H Maslow. Towards a Psychology of Being. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1968. Sartre, Jean-Paul. "Why Write?" In Critical Theory Since Plato ed. Hazard Adams. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1971. Best, David. The Rationality of Feeling: Understanding the Arts in Education. London: The Falmer Press, 1992. Abstracted Works of calligraphy Chiang Yee. Chinese Calligraphy. Singapore: Graham Brash, 1938

Empiricism & human knowledge Essay

Empiricism is a notion that is derived from epistemology studies in philosophy that is centered on nature and limitation of our human knowledge (Kenny 36). The proponents in empiricism school of thought assert that the main source of human knowledge is through our sensational experience. In other words, what a man may claim to know is purely from experience with environment (Kenny 218). However, approaching this argument holistically need to consider some fundamental questions that prove worth informing the argument: What is the nature of propositional knowledge? How can we gain knowledge? And what are the limits of our knowledge? These question though less informative and may not give the full parameters and modality of the argument, it help to move further and creates a well investigative argument. In this regard, the paper central thesis shall be: Does all our knowledge come from experience? If not, where does it come from? And how can we prove that as necessary truth? The question of human knowledge derivation in field of epistemology has been a controversial issue with both rationalists and empiricists pulling toward each others side. However, as the paper shall be concluding it shall be quite evident that no side can stand alone in the proving ground for human knowledge. Since upon exploring each side of the competing explanations, it comes out clearly that human experience is necessary component in attaining knowledge yet at the same time its insufficient condition that can facilitate knowledge gaining. Therefore, this validates the essence that empiricism can not be self explanatory subject content without input and insight from rationalism school of thought (Kenny 41). In regard to Philosophical argument of empiricism, two juxtaposing positions do assist to answer this question. I find it difficult to neither accept nor deny the fact that empiricists assert that our knowledge comes from our experience because we are born as a ‘tabula rasa’. This is the light that some phenomenon experience can not be affirmed by sense experience alone. For instance, when a blue candle is placed on the table and observes with eyes and affirmed that it is a candle since the sense tells and confirm its solid and hard; then when the same candle is placed close to the flame and melts down; using the same sight observation it is difficult to affirm that the liquefied wax is the same blue candle. Basing on this example, it becomes challenging to entrust the experience as a source of understanding that strange phenomenon that challenges our senses to derive knowledge (Bonjour 273). Therefore, in such case rationalist gain a score in the sense that is only through reason that the individual observing the instance can affirm that the liquid was is the same candle in liquid form. Contrary at the same time the knowledge of changing states of wax shall be gained through sight and not reason, though reason facilitate construction and conceptualization of such concept. Evidently the two competing positions have a problem. According to Aune’s (1970) presentation of Plato’s dialogue â€Å"meno† give me an interesting position in his attempt to support rationalism that instead gives insight to validity of empiricism. Plato gave an example aimed at asserting that he met a slave boy who had mathematical knowledge (basic arithmetic); this should be innate. This is because according to him, knowledge from reason is eternal and do not change while that fro experience does. Using that example it is not true that lack of mathematical knowledge to that slave boy validates lack of mathematical experience. This is in the sense that even abstract mathematical concepts are centered on real figures or objects that does exist. For instance, the relationship given by Pythagoras’ theorem is a proposition that expresses a relation between the sides of a right angled triangle. Thus, the knowledge of these kinds of propositions can be discovered purely by thinking but an individual must in his or her earlier stages of learning been exposed or seen the figure of a right angled triangle, which is something that actually exists in the universe. On the contrary, the propositional knowledge about relation of sides of height, base and hypotenuse can be discovered purely by thinking, without the need to attend to anything that actually exists in the universe. This implies that empiricism is the basis on which reason can advance the knowledge gained primary to other higher understanding forms in such arenas as the sciences of geometry, algebra, and arithmetic. On the other hand, matters of fact as a second category object of human reason cannot be established like matters of relations as individuals lack strong grounding to think them as true. Instead, the opposite of every matter of fact is possible since it does not imply a contradiction and is easily conceived by our minds. For example, saying â€Å"the sun will rise tomorrow† is logical and has no more contradictions to saying â€Å"the sun will not rise tomorrow†. Basically, saying that the sun will not rise tomorrow is no less logical a proposition and implies no more contradiction, than the assertion that it will rise. As a result, it will be futile to try and prove its falsehood. If it can be proven false, it would imply a contradiction, and could never be clearly conceived by the mind. Thus, empiricism scores in knowledge that regards maters of fact as opposed to the knowledge of the relational of ideas. Human knowledge acquisition does not need prior reasoning to acquire, but comes from our experience of finding, connecting and inferring that particular objects are constantly associated with one other. For example, if a man is presented with an object that is new to him, no amount of reasoning about its perceptible qualities will enable him to discover it rather than observing, touching and smelling it so that he can conform to already formed knowledge base, or accommodate it as a new object discovered (Hume 173). If next time the same person comes into contact with this object again, thinking can help to connect the object to the past event and claim to know the object. This can be demonstrated by a stranger to fire and moving water; from the light and warmth of fire, one cannot assume that they can be burnt or cannot infer that the fluidity and transparency of water can drown him or her respectively. Thus, such knowledge can only be established if there are incidences that an individual was burnt by fire or drawn fast moving water, which forms the basis of knowledge which is taught. Based on this example, it follows that the qualities of an object that appear to the senses cannot reveal the causes or effect nor can reason, unaided by experience, ever draw any conclusion about real existence which constructs our knowledge. Consequently, it can be seen that experience enables us to know the cause-effect relation which enables us construct the knowledge base. For example, when burnt by fire, one will know its effect and when seeing someone light a fire, one will understand the cause. The reasoning faculty should be seen as the tool that aids in connecting past and present events and facilitate the making of inferences to already existing knowledge derived from experience. From the arguments it is however increased my difficult to neither assert nor deny the thoughts that emanate from empiricism school of thought. Thus, it is evident that experience is necessary to our knowledge acquisition but insufficient mechanism in knowledge gaining and application to different situation. It is in this line of thought that I assert that experience is truly a source of our knowledge for instance language acquisition which a basic foundation of other knowledge acquisition. In conclusion, from various argument discussed and exemplary illustrations the proposition that knowledge discoverable not by reason but by experience is true. Firstly, there are past examples of objects that were once unknown to us and from experience, we now know what would arise from those objects. This is totally in contrast to the objects we have never been in contact with. Secondly, events that are not much like the common course of nature are also known only by experience. For example, without prior knowledge, nobody could guess that magnets attract or gunpowder explodes. Thirdly, when an effect is believed to depend on a secret structure of parts, we tend to attribute all our knowledge of it to experience.Yet, we highly depend on the reason for the connecting, construction, affirming and making inferences. Work cited Aune, B. , Rationalism, Empiricism and Pragmatism: An Introduction, New York: Random House, 1970. Bonjour, L. , In Defense of Pure Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Hume, D. , An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding: Indianapolis, Bobbs- Merrill, 1955 Kenny, A. , Rationalism, Empiricism and Idealism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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Travis Hunter RL 201 Professor Lauer 11 October 2013 Page 137 Response Sikhnet. com is a website that deals with Just about everything that a Sikh needs to know. In addition, it's a good website for those who are not Sikh's to gain more knowledge about this particular religion. The website contains a great amount of news, past and present about the Sikh religion. Furthermore, it includes blogs where people can talk to each other about the Sikh religion online as well as the Sikh calendar.There are many audio clips as well as quite a few video clips for the visual learner. They thoroughly explain what meditation is and they explain how one would go about meditating. The website includes lectures in case one is looking to practice their religion or if one is Just curious to learn about this unique religion. In addition, the website includes a radio as well as a link to where you can purchase CD's and DVD's. The site even includes mobile apps so that you can have easy access on a martph one.I was very surprised that the website even includes a link called â€Å"Sikh Matrimonials† where Sikh's can enter their information and look for a significant other that is also a Sikh. An event calendar is also available so that they always know what is going on with the Sikh religion. They also make the site kid friendly by having a bunch of different mint-games. Overall, the site essentially has everything that one needs to know about the Sikh religion.

Social Media Marketing (SMM)

Social Media Marketing (SMM) Introduction The business realm across the world has been undergoing enormous transformations and one of the foremost changes in the entrepreneurship sector is the emergence of technological advancements (Evans McKee, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Marketing (SMM) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern technologies have been integral in supporting the growth and development of rapturous networking activities and Social Media (SM) has presently become one of the main issues in the business paradigm. Social media platforms, which comprise the actively consumed websites that are enhanced by the advent of the net 2.0 technologies, have been significantly influential in major business undertakings. Social Media Marketing (SMM) is a modern marketing technique that uses social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Google+ among other social networks (Neti, 2011). The use of social media marketing strategies is increasingly becoming viral across the world, thus becoming renowned as viral marketing. This study examines the overall impact of SMM on modern entrepreneurship. Reasons behind the popularity of SMM Marketing as a business strategy entails activities such as advertisement, announcement, promotion, and these marketing components require effective communication. As one of the best contemporary innovations, social networks are exceedingly becoming the focal point of human social interaction, thus presenting unique entrepreneurial experiences (Evans McKee, 2010). Social media is one of the modern communication tools that have recently proven to be powerful in influencing both informal and formal communication where millions of potential consumers interact freely. Having the ability to engage consumers in an active interaction where sharing of information is effectual through powerful technological devices, social media is gradually receiving att ention from businesses of all sizes. Social media platforms currently tend to associate with flexibility, effectiveness, convenience, and efficiency in business communication where investors are capable of sharing important information with their stakeholders, who include potential business clients (Bailyn, 2012). By using social networks in business communication, flexibility is achievable via devices that support these platforms, which mainly include accessible technological devices like mobile phones, computers, and tablets (Pradiptarini, 2011). Users access these social networks at their convenient time, hence communication consistency.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Businesspersons consider social networks as convenient communication and information-sharing tools for they involve instant feedback ability where messages reach users expediently. Most recently, researchers have found a great correlation between the use of social networks in businesses with enhanced sales output following increased connection between consumers and entrepreneurs (Pradiptarini, 2011). Communities, which form the greatest composure of active consumers of products and services of businesses, are the main cause of rapid growth of social media marketing. Since social media involves engaging in diverse online social networking communities, it potentially has substantial influence on attracting enormous consumer population (Pradiptarini, 2011). More specific, as all modern businesses in the markets are targeting the youthful consumers, vibrant youths in social networks offer business boom. Advantages and disadvantages of SMM to entrepreneurs Social media marketing emerged with numerous experiences and brought several opportunities as well as challenges that entrepreneurs have encountered. Being a hotly business contested subject, social networks seem to have presen ted some potential benefits that have encouraged businesses in their performance (Evans McKee, 2010). Social media platforms are important facets of exposing the business to the competent markets and reaching out potential consumers. The foremost advantage of social networks in businesses is the enhancement of communication, information exchange, and knowledge sharing. This aspect of social networks enhances a mutual connection between consumers and entrepreneurs that subsequently boosts the productivity of the businesses. During promotion, advertising, and announcement of social networks like Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace are progressively becoming essential communication tools (Bailyn, 2012). These social media networks play a pivotal role in boosting marketing campaigns for organization’s products and services, which subsequently influences positive business outcomes. Modern consumers currently rely more on social networks to access important information concerning new p roducts and services offered by companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Marketing (SMM) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing also involves procedures of unveiling and introducing new products to the market in a process commonly known as product launching. Research considers social media as a great platform useful in creating the accurate market buzz prior to launching a new product or service (Vries et al., 2012). As consumers are currently demanding exemplary services, social media enhances marketing campaigns, which are becoming useful in strengthening product and service information within the markets. Consumers tend to concentrate and associate with famous market products and since social media are assisting in communication of information pertaining to product and service, they help in building brand reputation. Companies using social networks are capable of attracting public attention mor e easily and marketing effectiveness of these networks becomes eminent when business performance enhances through increased market share and revenue performance (Vries et al., 2012). Using powerful videos, photographs, audio streaming, widgets, and other social media features, companies create and share quality content to communicate their services and products to the business community. Notwithstanding its ability to transform almost every aspect of modern business activity through sophisticated technologies, social media has also received criticism from entrepreneurs (Pradiptarini, 2011). The foremost challenge that comes with the modern technologies and the social media networks is the presence of insecurity within these platforms. Entrepreneurs have little potency to control the growing cyberspace and Internet security, possess little control over the entire conservation, and can barely manipulate the pessimistic perceptions of clients expressed in public social websites (Vries et al., 2012). There is a high possibility of getting negative feedback from ill-motivated clients due to bad opinions from competitors expressed on social media.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The vibrant cyber activities that engage genuine civilians and illegitimate users across networks with little control strategies placed by the organizations, places companies at high risk of encountering fraud (Bailyn, 2012). Tracing the route of negative conversation and fraudulent activities is a challenge and as many companies continually engage in social media marketing, the fears about losing billions of finances in fraud cases remain unsettled. How SMM helps Pepsi gain more customer insight Since its inception as a potential marketing tool, social media marketing has been the most anticipated practice among several small, medium, and even multinational corporations. As Neti (2011) postulates, â€Å"Adult beverage companies, exotic automobile manufacturers, pastry shops have been using social media tool† (p.8). Alongside other major multinational companies, PepsiCo is one of the world leading international companies famous for producing carbonated Pepsi soft drinks, and currently its Pepsi Refresh project has provided a new breakthrough in its marketing strategies. Pepsi Refresh project is responsible for turning individuals’ dreams into realities by producing and researching about marketing possibilities of PepsiCo and funding amazing ideas that support the notion of Pepsi as a soft drink that refreshes the world. Being responsible for managing resources of the billion dollars worth corporation PepsiCo, Pepsi Refresh project has recently associated with social media marketing as one of its major strategy to make Pepsi a world refreshing drink. In marketing their major business, going to the market, unveiling, and launching new brands from the company, Pepsi undertook an online consumer-based study in which it concluded that social media was important in creating and sharing ideas. Results on the investigations from the 2009 Pepsi Optimism Project about the means of communication of the research impelled PepsiCo to develop off and online for ums where social innovation could help in marketing the Pepsi Refresh project. According to Neti (2011), â€Å"Pepsi Coke, Nokia and many of the top brands have effectively used social media for achieving their business objectives† (p.8). During the process of establishing and informing people about the Pepsi Refresh project, PepsiCo consistently used social media tactics to access multitudes of people. PepsiCo used Facebook, Twitter, and refresheverything.com to market its idea, and this viral marketing through text messages and video clips captured a huge public attention successfully. In using social media in marketing the Pepsi Refresh project, the company spent less money. Through refresheverthing.com, Pepsi became the most publicly renowned Super Bowl brands. In its impact, approximately 37% of Americans familiarized with Pepsi compared to 12% for the same marketing program. Over eighteen million exceptional consumer-oriented visitors engaged in activities of the refres heverthing.com website. In online brand rating and voting, more than 12,000 projects received consumer votes, with approximately 2 million online comments from 76 million votes cast. Benefiting from the newly developed refresheverthing.com website, brand attributes increased exponentially with products receiving favorability, trust, and attention among other important public interests. Online communities and consumers’ fan pages concerning the Pepsi products started developing following the initial influence. Two businesses that have used SMM to their advantage Demonstrated by a continuum of studies, investigations on the marketing rivalry among the major U.S corporations have continuously identified Pepsi and Coke as the biggest rivalries. However, most American companies including those in the fortune 500 have already integrated social media marketing. Apart from the beverage companies, exotic automobile manufacturers are using social media marketing. Retail companies as we ll as other major corporations have noticed the positive impact of social media in marketing. Microsoft and Wal-Mart are two major fortune 500 companies that have demonstrated exemplary approach towards social media marketing, with Facebook, twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn being the most used social websites in marketing their products. The two companies have established social media as one of the most effectual communication and interaction tool where millions of active potential consumers made of optimistic youthful population meet freely. Pradiptarini (2011) acknowledges a substantial influence of these social networks in enhancing marketing strategies, boosting sales revenues, and subsequently influencing financial growth. As social media gives marketers opportunities to communicate to the public and more specifically, the vibrant peers, consumers and potential customers, both Coke and Pepsi have been lively in promoting their brands through major social networks renowned in the US. Microsoft and Wal-Mart have been using social media marketing as a strategy in building brand awareness, launching new products from the company, and generating leads. As Vries et al. (2012) affirm, â€Å"Companies can place brand posts (containing videos, messages, quizzes, information, and other material) on these brand fan pages† (p.83). Wal-Mart and Microsoft have engaged their potential consumers in advertisements, promotional activities, and other marketing activities that reveal product information to the consumers. Regarding their involvement in brands and companies on the social media, Pradiptarini (2011), noticed that approximately 71.14% of the Facebook users proved to be fans of brands produced by the two companies. In addition, 38.63% of their Twitter fans and followers, followed brands advertised by the two companies. Future expectations of SM on marketing People have awakened towards a contemporary business world that requires present and forthcoming technologi es to improve their overall effectiveness and social media is the probable marketing tool whose influence may never cease (Vries et al., 2012). The world is currently experiencing a shortage of youth employment and social interactions have been one of the leisure activities that keep youths engaged. With the emergence of powerful technological devices like tablets, upgraded laptops, and the Smartphone technologies, social media continue to be a trendy business and social tool. The number of Facebook accounts, Twitter users, and other social media users following new brands and products online is rapidly increasing (Neti, 2011). Coupled with unique and captivating experiences that social networks provide to the active youths and businesspersons, online working opportunities like brand advertising, social media may continue influencing social and business life for millions of decades to come (Pradiptarini, 2011). Social media is an all-inclusive advancing technology where all age grou ps have their portion and as the present population gets weary, new generating still admire these experiences. Notwithstanding its great potential in influencing millions of users, emerging issues in the cybercrime and related cyberspace insecurity may continue posing significant challenges to the social network users. Internet hacking activities, cyber bullying, and several other unethical practices associated with social networking are subjecting users to frustrations (Evans McKee, 2010). Since few policies and rules are currently present in curbing cyberspace insecurity and users are becoming used to social networks unaware of the mushrooming dangers, use of social media may face drastic collapse in the occurrence of a major concern (Evans McKee, 2010). Organizations themselves do not have governance and processes for controlling the use of social media within and outside the company. Both Facebook and Twitter have reported criminal challenges and even in their privacy terms, a buse related concerns are not addressed appropriately (Bailyn, 2012). In other websites, cases pertaining to social media crime remain undermined, go unreported, or even lack enough evidence to capture and prosecute the offenders. Conclusion The US is among the nations experiencing a rapid influx of social networking activities with this rise in social media networking providing companies and consumers a gateway to enhanced communication. Advanced beverage companies, exotic automobile companies, and even pastry shops have recognized social media as a powerful marketing tool that connects companies with consumers. Pepsi, Coca Cola, and Nokia technologies are among the American multinational companies that have embraced the use of social media in marketing and successfully witnessed impressive results. They have reported increased brand positive reputation, increased product attention, enhanced customer relationship, and boosted sales turnover. Although most likely to continue facing high risks related to cybercrime, social media marketing may continue influencing marketing strategies of companies as present and maybe future generations will still continue anticipating for these experiences. References Bailyn, E. (2012). Outsmarting Social Media: Profiting in the Age of Friendship  Marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Evans, D., McKee, J. (2010). Social Media Marketing: The Next Generation of Business Engagement. New York, NY: Wiley Publishing Inc. Neti, S. (2011). Social media and its role in marketing. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, 1(2), 1-15. Pradiptarini, C. (2011). Social Media Marketing: Measuring Its Effectiveness and Identifying the Target Market. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 14, 1-11. Vries, L., Gensler, S., Leeflang, P. (2012). Popularity of Brand Posts on Brand Fan Pages: An Investigation of the Effects of Social Media Marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(1), 83–91.

How to Use the Spanish Pronoun Se

How to Use the Spanish Pronoun 'Se' Se is undoubtedly the most versatile of the Spanish pronouns. As you learn Spanish, you will come across se used in a variety of ways, usually meaning one of the -self words of English such as herself or yourself.   Using Se as a Reflexive Pronoun The most common use of se is a reflexive pronoun. Such pronouns indicate that the subject of a verb is also its object. In English, this is usually accomplished by using verbs such as himself or themselves. ​Se is used as the reflexive pronoun for third-person uses (including when usted or ustedes is the subject). Some verbs (as in the final two examples below) can be used reflexively in Spanish even though they arent translated that way in English. Pablo se ve por el espejo. (Pablo sees himself using the mirror.)Los padres no pueden oà ­rse. (The parents cant hear themselves.)Rebecca se perjudica por fumar. (Rebecca is hurting herself by smoking.)Benjamà ­n Franklin se levantaba temprano. (Benjamin Franklin got up early.)Se comià ³ los tacos. (He ate up the tacos.) Using Se as the Equivalent of the Passive Voice Although this use of se isnt technically the passive voice, it fulfills the same function. By using se, particularly when discussing inanimate objects, it is possible to indicate an action without indicating who performed the action. Grammatically, such sentences are structured in the same way that sentences using reflexive verbs are. Thus in a literal sense, a sentence such as se venden coches means cars sell themselves. In actuality, however, such a sentence would be the English equivalent of cars are sold or, more loosely translated, cars for sale. Se abren las puertas. (The doors are opened.)Se vendià ³ la computadora. (The computer was sold.)Se perdieron los llaves. (The keys were lost.)Se prohibe fumar. (Smoking is prohibited.) Using Se as a Substitute for Le or Les When the indirect-object pronoun le or les is immediately followed by another pronoun that begins with an l, the le or les is changed to se. This prevents having two pronouns in a row beginning with the l sound. Dà ©selo a ella. (Give it to her.)Se lo dijo a à ©l. (He told it to him.)No se lo voy a dar a ellos. (Im not going to give it to them.) Using the Impersonal Se Se is sometimes used in an impersonal sense with singular verbs to indicate that people in general, or no person in particular, perform  the action. When se is used in this way, the sentence follows the same pattern as those in which the main verb is used reflexively, except that there is no subject to the sentence that is explicitly stated. As the examples below show, there are a variety of ways such sentences can be translated to English. Se maneja rpidamente en Lima. (People drive fast in Lima.)Se puede encontrar cocos en el mercado. (You can find coconuts in the market.)Muchas veces se tiene que estudiar para aprender. (Often you have to study to learn.)No se debe comer con prisa. (One ought not to eat quickly.) A Caution About a Homonym Se shouldnt be confused with sà © (note the accent mark), which is usually the singular first-person present indicative form of saber (to know). Thus sà © usually means I know. Sà © can also be the singular familiar imperative form of ser; in that case it means you be as a command.

Rolls royce anual report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rolls royce anual report - Coursework Example The external auditor of the company has given an opinion according to which the group financial statements of the company present a true and fair view for the financial year ending December 31, 2012. The auditor reports states that the group financial statements are adequately prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and Companies Act 2006. It is also mentioned in the audit report that the financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) as adopted by European Union. The audit report forms an integral part of the financial statements of a company, especially a public listed company. The primary purpose of the audit report is to bring into the knowledge of the users of the financial statements whether these financial statements are prepared in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. [Readyratios.com (2011)] Users of the financial statement usually do not have the time to thoroughly analyze the authenticity of the financial statements. They take reliance of from the audit report that whether the financial statements are giving a true and fair view or not. ... 69% 3% Current ratio 1.33 1.2 1.70 Inventory turnover period 109 days 112 days 50 days Payables’ turnover period 247 days 262 days 20 days Gearing ratio 1.967 2.634 4% P/E ratio 7.1 16.43 9.0 x Answer to Question No. 4 2012 2011 Variation % variation Change in million ? Sales 12,161 11,124 1,037 9.32% Rise Operating Profit 1,373 1,186 187 15.77% Rise Share Price (pence) 874 755 118 15.66% Rise Answer to Question No. 5 During the current financial year, the return on equity (ROE) has considerably increased during the current financial year. The return on equity is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to shareholders by the shareholders equity. [Investopedia, 2012] The ratio is quite essential from the investor’s point of view as it represents how well a company is earning on its shareholder equity, which mainly comprises of issued capital and retained earnings. The ROE of the company has increased during the financial year 2011 which is due to the fact that the net profit of Rolls Royce has increase by a staggering 170% as it increased from 848 million to 2,295 million. The main reason behind this increase in the net profit is one unusual item of 669 million which is due to the disposal of a segment of the business during the current financial year. It would also be worth mentioning that the sales and operating profit of the company has increased by 9.32% and 15.77% during the current financial year. These escalations in figures have further accentuated the return on equity during the current year. The ratio is better than the industry average which is a sign for positive financial outlook. The gross profit has increased marginally during the current financial year. The reason behind the marginal increase in the gross profit margin is the fact that